![]() The connected circuit, regardless of voltage is protected from exceeding that amperage. In summary, each leg of a single, double (2 phase) or triple (3 phase) breaker is capable of allowing the amount of current denoted on the breaker. If you removed the tie and only one breaker tripped, there would still be 120 volts connected to the outlet. This ensures that all power to the outlet is disconnected. Therefore, if the rated current, (100 amps), is exceeded on either breaker, that breaker will trip and the other breaker will trip via the mechanical tie. Each of these hot wires are connected to the two terminals of the two-pole breaker.ĭue to mechanical tolerances, one breaker will most likely trip before the other. The current flows out and back at the same 60 Hz but this time via the two hot wires (generally black and red). ![]() Because they are out of phase, the potential difference is twice the voltage of each line or 240 volts. In other words, as leg 1 is flowing "out", leg 2 is flowing "back". You are using two "legs" of 120 volts each that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. In a 240 volt circuit, there is no neutral wire. Only the hot wire is connected to the breaker. The amperage in the hot and neutral wires are the same (in the perfect world). In a 120 volt circuit, it flows "out" toward the device via the hot (generally the black wire) and "back" via the neutral (generally the white wire). In AC current, electricity flows in both directions. So why are they tied together? That is done when the two-pole breaker is to be used to power a 240 volt circuit. If you then powered two, separate 120 volt devices from the two breakers, each breaker would allow 100 amperes to pass to each of the devices before tripping. In actuality, you always had two 100A breakers. To understand this, imagine that you remove the mechanical tie from the two-pole breaker. It does not matter if that breaker is physically tied to another 100A breaker. I believe the 1+N breaker described by in another answer refers to stand-alone circuit breakers.The breaker will trip at the amperage notated on the breaker. In my first paragraph, I was referring to circuit breakers of the type mentioned in the question that plug in to North American distribution panels. Even purchasing new-old-stock circuit breakers is less then the best idea. It is not a good idea to install any circuit breaker that is not purchased new. There should be sufficient information marked somewhere on each breaker to identify each one as a circuit breaker if separated. If a device is a two-pole circuit breaker with two handles tied together, the trip rating should be marked on each handle. That is true whether it has one handle or two handles tied together. ![]() Such an assembly must not be offered for sale as a two-pole circuit breaker.Ī two-pole circuit breaker is two circuit breakers that open simultaneously if either one trips. It would be more than unusual to find such an assembly offered for sale today. There may be or may have been at some time, a legitimate use for a circuit breaker connected to a switch with a handle-tie. If not both can trip, what would happen if the live line that shorts to the enclosure is connected to the breaker side that doesn't have short circuit protection? I need to know this because I'm powering up 240v load and there is ground wire to the enclosure. Presumably, breakers made to be used as single-pole provide both protections in a single breaker, as do double-pole breakers used as a unit." It’s unknown which side may provide over current protection. We found that only one side of our double pole breaker provide short circuit protection. We then tested the breakers on a test circuit. This must have been a huge overload, far beyond 20 amps. We found this out the hard way when we had a total short in one of our circuits and the 20 amp breaker did not trip, but instead melted a #12 AWG wire. The double-pole breakers are NOT just two single pole breakers physically joined. "The assumption that the two halves of DP breakers can serve as SP breakers proved to be very wrong. The person who tested the 2-pole breaker to have only 1 side tripping is an US citizen who has done many tests with it. Anyone familiar with it? Does only one side trip? Someone stated that only one side of the double pole breaker provided short circuit protection. How many of you have used double pole breakers?Īre double-pole breakers just two single pole breakers physically joined?
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Indeed, a major conceptual weakness with All But Invisible is that Collins employs key terms for more than a hundred pages which he later redefines dramatically. This thesis is so critical that it ought to have been moved to the front of the book. ![]() The most important aspect of Collins’ book, however, is found in the second section, where he proposes a new way of defining the gay identity. Collins also appreciatively interacts with critical social theory, as he warns against “straight privilege” (262) and heteronormativity (259) within the life of the church. Some of these are quite compelling - such as the possibility of gay Christians marrying other Christians of the opposite sex (92) or celibate gay Christians being able to live with other Christian families (99) - while others are controversial and even troubling, such as the suggestion that two or three gay Christians of the same sex could live together in a “celibate partnership” (100-103). These show Collins’ specific pastoral motivations for interacting with sexuality, and they contain practical recommendations for how churches who hold to a traditional biblical sexual ethic can nevertheless recognize and encourage gay Christians. The first and third sections explore ecclesiology, missiology, psychology, and social anthropology. Nevertheless, he also believes that there is a meaningful and significant gay identity for those who are attracted to members of the same sex, and he believes that faithful Christians can identify as gay while still adhering to the biblical sexual ethic.Īll But Invisible is divided into three sections. In the same vein as writers like Wesley Hill and Eve Tushnet, Collins “firmly and unapologetically believe… that Scripture prohibits sexual expression outside the context of a self-giving monogamous marriage of a man and a woman” (20). ![]() Given the recent Revoice conference, Nate Collins’ 2017 All But Invisible: Exploring Identity Questions at the Intersection of Faith, Gender, and Sexuality is now necessary reading for all who are interested in the so-called “Side B” of gay Christianity. ![]()
![]() Advance to assistant general manager: Finally, you’ll reach the assistant general manager position, with at least 12 years of bus operations experience, seven years in training leadership, and proficiency in Microsoft (MS) Office.Advance to division chief training: Reach the position of division chief, holding a bachelor's degree, with seven years of experience in bus or rail transportation training, operations, or related maintenance, including significant supervisory roles.Advance to training supervisor: Advance to this position, utilizing your five years of experience in public transit field operations and related supervisory capacity.Advance to instructor: Choose the training route, based on your experience as an inspector.Holding a valid driver's license without infractions is also required. Proficiency in organizational, analytical, quantitative, and writing skills is required, along with experience using MS Office and graphic applications. A master's degree in relevant fields can substitute for two years' experience, while an high school diploma plus seven years rail operations can substitute for a degree. Advance to assistant general manager: Finally, you’ll reach the assistant general manager position, with at least 12 years of bus operations experience, seven years in OCC leadership, and proficiency in Microsoft (MS) Office.Advance to division chief OCC: Reach the position of division chief, holding a bachelor's degree, with seven years of experience in bus transportation training, operations, or related maintenance, including significant supervisory roles.Showcase your training, education, and program management skills. Advance to superintendent: Progress to the role of superintendent, backed by six years of experience in bus transportation field operations, including two years in a related supervisory capacity.Advance to supervisor of OCC: Move up the ladder to become a supervisor of OCC, building on your seven years of experience in transportation field operations and two years of related supervisory experience.Advance to dispatcher: Gain five years of service with the MBTA in bus transportation and hold a current rating as a full-time bus operator, spare inspector, or inspector.Advance to spare operations control center (OCC) dispatcher: Become a spare dispatcher, using your knowledge of bus operations.Advance to inspector: Progress to the role of inspector, with the prerequisite of a current full-time rating (seniority classification) as a bus operator.Advance to spare inspector: After gaining three years of experience as a bus operator at MBTA and maintaining a full-time status, transition to the role of spare inspector, ensuring quality and safety standards.Start as a bus operator: Start your journey as a bus operator, handling regular bus operations. ![]() There are strict rules about bundling cables which must be followed for this reason.Ĭable selection is guided by two main principles. The temperature in which the wire is used can also affect ampacity.Ĭables are often used in bundles, and when they are brought together, the total heat which they generate has an effect on ampacity and voltage drop. If alternating current is being sent through the wire, the speed of alternation can affect ampacity. The basic material from which the wire is made is, of course, an important limiting factor. The ampacity of a wire depends on a number of factors. Current carrying capacity is often referred to as ampacity, which is the maximum number of electrons that can be pushed at one time – the word ampacity is short for ampere capacity. Usually this is not a problem in circuits within a house, but may become an issue when running wire to an outbuilding, well pump, etc.įinally, the amount of current being carried can affect voltage drop levels an increase in current through a wire results in an increased voltage drop. Voltage drop becomes important when the length of a run of wire or cable becomes very long. Shorter wires will have less voltage drop than longer wires for the same wire size. Still another critical factor in voltage drop is wire length. In the Metric Gauge scale, the gauge is 10 times the diameter in millimeters, so a 50 gauge metric wire would be 5 mm in diameter. In American wire gauge, every 6-gauge decrease doubles the wire diameter, and every 3-gauge decrease doubles the wire cross sectional area. Larger wire sizes (those with a greater diameter) will have less voltage drop than smaller wire sizes of the same length. Wire size is another important factor in determining voltage drop. Copper is a better conductor than aluminum and will have less voltage drop than aluminum for a given length and wire size. Copper and aluminum are the most common materials used for wires due to their relatively low price compared with silver and gold. Silver, copper, gold, and aluminum are among the metals with the best electrical conductivity. The first is the choice of material used for the wire. There are four major causes of voltage drop: This can be achieved by selecting the right wire, and by taking care in the use of extension cords and similar devices. It is recommended that the voltage drop should be less than 5% under a fully loaded condition. If the current is direct, the contrary pressure is called resistance.Įxcessive voltage drop in a circuit can cause lights to flicker or burn dimly, heaters to heat poorly, and motors to run hotter than normal and burn out. Impedance is a vector, or two-dimensional quantity, consisting of resistance and reactance (reaction of a built-up electric field to a change of current). If the current is alternating, such contrary pressure is called impedance. The voltage drop is the amount of electrical potential (voltage) loss caused by the contrary pressure of the wire. When electrical current moves through a wire, it is pushed by electrical potential (voltage) and it needs to surpass a certain level of contrary pressure caused by the wire. ![]() ![]() The Charcuterie taste was just that: tiny bites of Serrano ham, speck, salami, brightened with pickled onion, a rosemary olive, dot of fig jam with toasted raisin pecan bread was de rigueur and didn’t distinguish itself from other meat plates but would pair well with an icy cold Stella Artois on tap. Personally, I’m super excited about having alternatives to my standard airport Egg McMuffin breakfast and looking forward to savoring a short stack of Blueberry Buttermilk Pancakes or Chilaquiles from their breakfast menu and hubby can stay healthy with the Steel Cut Oatmeal topped with toasted almonds and dried cranberries! While only limited items were available for tasting at the grand opening, the menu offers travelers a broad selection of choices, from spicy wings appetizers or a charcuterie plate, to a selection of four flatbread pizzas and three salads. The “ Punch in the Nose” (Stoli, Pama, red berries, and Red Bull) could be the caffeine boost you’re seeking before an early morning departure, rather than standing in line for coffee at Starbucks or McDonald’s. Other beverage choices available at the Breakaway Bar & Grill include draft and bottled beer, wines by the glass, and hand crafted signature cocktails. ![]() We quenched our thirst with the Ginger Swizzle, a refreshing blend of ginger ale, mint, and lime. Speeches were followed by tray passed small tastes and samples from the non-alcoholic drink selection. Ducks owner Susan Samueli was joined by 2007 Stanley Cup champions Corey Perry and Scott Niedermayer as well as airport, HMSHost, and Anaheim Ducks VIPs for the ribbon cutting, The restaurant pays homage to first hockey team to bring the Stanley Cup – hockey’s ultimate prize – to southern California and is the first restaurant at John Wayne Airport with a runway view. Located post security in the newly-opened Terminal C (servicing Southwest and Frontier Airlines) near Gate 18, the Anaheim Ducks Breakaway Bar & Grill is a joint effort between HMSHost, a world leader in travel dining and shopping, and the Anaheim Ducks. Don’t expect Stanley Cup champion and All Star right winger Corey Perry (above) to serve your appetizers, but there’s much to please your palate and your need for adrenaline sports while waiting for that final boarding call. Finally, a space full of flat screen TVs, adorned with Ducks’ hockey memorabilia, pucks and helmets where you can feel right at home. Sports fans rejoice! The highly anticipated Anaheim Ducks Bar & Grill is now open at John Wayne Airport. ![]() I love how they give the dish a nice flavor and texture. Vegetables: My favorite side to dinner is always vegetables.You can make it as simple or complex as you want, and it’s always delicious. Roast beef: This is a great side to dinner because it is so easy and tasty.What are good sides for dinner? Here are a few ideas: Pork is a high-quality protein that has been used for centuries to add flavor and nutrition to dishes. Why is apple Sauce served with pork?Īpple sauce is served with pork because it is a popular condiment in many countries. If you’re cooking them for lunch or brunch, you can let them sit warm in the fridge. For instance, if you’re cooking them for dinner, keep them in a cool place until they’re cooked through. ![]() How long should you cook pork steaks?Ĭooking pork steaks is a decision that depends on the cook, the meat, and the time of day. This traditional dish has become America’s favorite side dish over the past few years due to its simplicity, ubiquity, and easy-to-follow recipe. However, no dish is more popular than macaroni and cheese. Some people enjoy the variety found in American cuisine while others prefer a more classic style. From pizza to macaroni and cheese, there is no dish that can’t be enjoyed by Americans of all ages. What is America’s favorite side dish?Īmericans are polarized on many topics, but one topic that is near and dear to their hearts is food. It is important to remember that you should leave the pork chops in the oven for a short amount of time so that they will cook through. On the other hand, Fry uses bright herbs like Thai basil and mint to cut through the richness of the pork.Pork chops are a popular dish and can be cooked in the oven for a few minutes or for a few hours. Just like our recipe, Louis recommends classic herbs like sage and thyme. The resulting pork takes on the fragrance of the herbs added but also the nutty flavor of browning butter. Add whatever you want with the butter to season the pork chops. Matt McCallister of FT33 and Filament in Dallas recommends oil to start the sear of the chops without burning, explaining, "I prefer rice bran or grapeseed oil, because both have very high smoke temperatures." Alternatively, you can use pork fat like they do at The Bywater in San Francisco for an intense pork flavor and golden color.Īfter searing, finish with butter to flavor the pork and serve as a medium to evenly finish cooking. If they crowd the pan too much, the chops will sweat instead of sear-and trust us, nobody wants beige chops. Just make sure to use a 12-inch pan to allow for enough space for two chops. Providing even heat, the cast iron allows for the surface of the pork to sear without burning. As for which type of pan to cook our chops in, every single chef we reached out to said without hesitation that cast iron is the way to go. And any thinner, the meat would dry out before it reached a golden brown exterior. Any thicker and the outside would burn before the center was cooked. "One inch is good for me, as it has enough time to caramelize on the outside, while resulting in a juicy medium interior." We took his advice and settled on a one-inch thickness, because it's the ideal width for cooking the chop completely on the stovetop. "I don't love those super, super thick ones, and typically not a thin cut either," Ford Fry, chef/owner of The Optimist in Atlanta, explains. As much as keeping the bone in is important to flavor, thickness also plays a key role in mastering the pork chop. "It's the perfect neighborhood restaurant, and they serve a huge cut on the bone, perfectly seared and cooked." Of the chefs we talked to, she wasn't the only one who waxed poetic about the ideal chop-take their advice (and ours) and find our why our chops are tops. "My favorite pork chop ever is at The Little Owl in NYC," Jenn Louis, chef of Lincoln in Portland, Oregon, says. ![]() Rhode Island Health Care Association: A non-profit trade association representing more than 80 percent of the nursing homes in Rhode Island.Tockwotton on the Waterfront ( LeadingAge RI Assisted Living Residences Member Organization) : A senior living community offering assisted living, memory care, respite stays, short-term rehab, and long-term care.Membership includes not-for-profit nursing homes, assisted living residences, and senior housing providers, as well as adult day health services. LeadingAge RI: A not-for-profit membership organization comprised of more than 50 not-for-profit providers of aging services.South County Health: South County Health provides care to patients across Rhode Island and offers its programs and services, including South County Hospital, a 100-bed acute care hospital, located in Wakefield, RI.Women & Infants Hospital: One of the premier healthcare facilities for women, newborns, and infants in the U.S., it is the largest obstetrical facility in the state, the second largest in New England, and the 11 th largest stand-alone obstetrical service in the country. ![]()
![]() Added the ability to suspend encoding in the Output Stream so you can turn on and off. UnsupportedEncodingException import java. byte using decode( String s, boolean gzipCompressed ).The decoder ignores all line separators and other characters not found in the basic base64 alphabet. Each line (except the last line) is separated from the next line via a carriage return (\r) followed by a linefeed (\n). The encoded output is organized into lines of no more than 76 characters. MIME enforces a limit on line length of Base64 encoded data. In any event, I hope with one or more of these Base64 tools, you wont have. There are other Base64 utilities on the Internet, some part of proprietary packages, some with various open source licenses. Disadvantage of using this class is that it is not recommended to use classes from package sun., com.sun. This is a Public Domain Java class providing very fast Base64 encoding and decoding in the form of convenience methods and input/output streams. First is a part of java SDK: can use it without any external dependencies. ![]() MIME: The MIME variant uses the Basic Base64 alphabet ( A-Za-z0-9+/). Ive been trying to figure out using GZIPOutputStreams and the like but have had no success with understanding them. There are several available implementations of BASE64. String encoded Base64. The decoder rejects data that contains characters outside A-Za-z0-9-_. URL and Filename Safe: It is same as the Basic Base64 encoding except that + is replaced by - and / is replaced by _ to make the output URL and filename safe. The decoder rejects data that contains characters outside this set. This tool converts a base64-encoded string back to a human-readable string. The only other approach would be to serialize the map yourself (iterate over the keys and values). The algorithm converts the input to a set of characters containing A-Z, a-z, 0-9, + and /. Here String strLogEncode will be a large string contains '//' which will restrict json to send. The the encoding then would look like this: JSONObject jso new JSONObject ( map ) String encoded new String (Base64.encodeBase64 ( jso.toString ( 4 ).toByteArray ())) Your solution works.
![]() Luckily, paper wasps don’t tend to be very aggressive. Their nests can reach up to 200 worker wasps and can be built anywhere, around the exterior of your house, under the shingles of your roof, or even inside your attic. The paper wasp is somewhat more primitive than many other wasp species in how it lives and interacts with others. Sometimes they’re mistaken for hornets, but they don’t tend to build nests on trees in the same way. Paper WaspsĬolor: Reddish brown or black with yellow or orange bandsĪbout paper wasps: These are some of the most common and abundant wasp species around the world, and also live in Europe and Asia. Nests will be smaller in size, somewhere between a golf ball and a baseball. It’s not normally as painful as a hornet sting, but it may cause some swelling that lasts for several days. ![]() In terms of aggressiveness, yellowjackets will defend their home and they can sting repeatedly. You’ll often encounter them when eating outdoors. However, they are different than bees, in that they don’t carry pollen and mostly scavenge for meat and sugar. That’s because they’re smaller and faster than hornets. YellowjacketsĪbout yellowjackets: Yellowjackets often look more similar to bees than other wasps do. Look for nests that attach to the side of buildings and are roughly the size of a basketball. That being said, be careful! Hornets can have a strong, painful sting and are capable of stinging multiple times. Normally they’re bigger, but less aggressive. Here are some of the wasp varieties you might be seeing out and about: HornetsĬolor: Normally black and yellow although they can be white and blackĪbout hornets: Hornets are the largest wasp species and can look a lot like yellowjackets. Bees are more robust and fuzzy with flattened legs for pollination. Wasps tend to have narrow bodies and are smooth and shiny. First, let’s make sure you’re not mistaking wasps for bees. But when it comes to our homes, pests like wasps are better left elsewhere. In Southern Ontario, we’re lucky to enjoy a relatively moderate climate (ok, so it doesn’t feel like it for 6 months of the year…) and that means that we have a fairly diverse range of insects that can survive in our climate. The last thing you want is to be staring down the barrel of a lawsuit – or even just have to deal with the reality of knowing that somebody got hurt when you could have prevented it with a few easy steps. As a homeowner, you have a serious obligation to keep your space safe for visitors. We don’t have to tell you that wasps can sting – and that’s unpleasant.įor some, it can be a mere annoyance but for others, a sting from a bee or wasp could be life-threatening. Then, once you’ve identified the enemy we’ll offer some tips on how to get rid of them, for good!īut before we begin, let’s address why this is important and vital. ![]() We’ll go over some of the most common types of wasps found in Toronto and we’ll give you some tips to help figure out which ones you’re dealing with. But today we’re going to put a little winged spin on things by looking at wasps instead. Today we’re going to follow up on one of our most popular posts, what types of spiders are most common in Toronto. |
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